{"id":60286,"date":"2019-08-18T05:40:03","date_gmt":"2019-08-18T05:40:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thepubliceconomist.com\/?p=60286"},"modified":"2019-08-18T06:06:13","modified_gmt":"2019-08-18T06:06:13","slug":"can-the-rich-idea-of-a-poor-country-pave-way-for-development","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thepubliceconomist.com\/?p=60286","title":{"rendered":"Can the rich idea of a poor country pave way for development?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Happiness\nis \u2018a mental or emotional state of well being defined by positive or pleasant\nemotions ranging from contentment to intense joy\u2019. It improves physiological\nfunctioning in humans to alleviate stress and lengthen life span. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The National Mental Health Survey conducted in 2015-16 revealed that\nnearly one in 20 Indians suffers from mental depression. By 2025, 38.1 million\nyears of healthy life will be lost to mental illness in India. ( Source: Lancet\nstudy 2016 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is critical to realise the importance of happiness, quantify it and\nfind ways of imbibing it in our everyday course of life. The World Happiness\nReport is a watermark survey of the state of global happiness. It published its\nfirst report in 2012 and ranked 156 countries by their happiness levels using\ndata from Gallup World Poll. The happiness index uses six parameters: per\ncapita, social help, healthy life expectancy, social opportunity, liberality\nand absence of corruption<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The World Happiness Index 2018 placed India in the 133rd position. It dropped\nfrom last year\u2019s 122nd rank<\/strong>. India was far behind its neighbouring countries. Pakistan was at 75th\nposition, while Bangladesh was at 115th. Nepal was at 101st rank and Sri Lanka\nat 116th position. Unfortunately, India ranks among the 42 Unhappy nations\nof the world.<\/strong> The happiest country in the world in 2018 was Finland which\novertook Norway. Denmark was constantly ranked among the top five happiest\ncountries of the world. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Bhutan took a quantum leap in\nquantifying happiness and wellbeing by calculating Gross National Happiness\n(GNH)<\/strong> instead of Gross National Product (GNP). His Majesty Jigme Singye\nWangchuck, the Fourth King of Bhutan propagated the concept of GNH in the early\n1970s. Centre of Bhutan Studies launched the Bhutan GNH Index in January 2010.\nIt was furthermore accepted by 193 countries in the United Nations (2011) as\nthe new economic paradigm. GNH index stands on four pillars: Good governance,\nsustainable socio-economic development, cultural preservation and environmental\nconservation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

   Table 1:\nDomains and indicators of GNH Index <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n    Domains \n <\/td>\n Number of indicators\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Psychological wellbeing \n <\/td>\n 4\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Health \n <\/td>\n 4\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Time use \n <\/td>\n 2\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Education \n <\/td>\n 4\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Cultural diversity and resilience \n <\/td>\n 4\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Good governance \n <\/td>\n 4\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Community vitality \n <\/td>\n 4\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Ecological diversity and resilience \n <\/td>\n 4\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Living Standard \n <\/td>\n 3\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Total \n <\/td>\n 33\n <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n

  Source: Ura\net al. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Table 1 shows how GNH includes nine domains\nequally weighed (100%). It is grouped into 33 indicators and 124 variables. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018<\/em>We\nare in the age of the Anthropocene when the fate of the planet and all life is\nwithin the power of mankind. Boundless consumerism, widening socio-economic\ninequality and instability is causing rapid natural resource depletion and\ndegradation. Climate change, species extinction, multiple crises, growing\ninsecurity, instability and conflicts are not only diminishing our well-being\nbut are also threatening our very survival.\u2019 (Source: GNH Centre, Bhutan)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

GNH\nmakes use of three cut offs: 50%, 66% and 77% to categorise. People who meet\nsufficiency in less than 50% and 50-65% of domains are \u2018unhappy\u2019 and \u2018narrowly\nhappy\u2019 come under policy priority. The \u2018extreme happy\u2019 people meet sufficiency\nin 66-76% of the domains ( between 6 and 7) and \u2018deeply happy\u2019 people in 77%\ndomains (in 7 or more). GNH cut off has been set at 66% of the variables i.e.\nmiddle cut off. Happy human beings have sufficiency in 66% of the weighted\nindicators or more. The theory of Gross National Happiness in Bhutan attracts a\ngreat deal of global attention. It encourages countries such as Dubai, UK,\nSouth Korea, Canada and OECD nations to develop their individual better\nlife\/happiness\/wellbeing indices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MAPPING\nTHE HAPPINESS OF INDIA <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

India is the most populous democracy and the seventh-largest economy by\nnominal GDP in the world. IMF projected that India will become the world\u2019s\nfifth-largest economy by 2025. If GDP is the factor that led to national\nhappiness, then prosperous economies of China, USA and India would have\noccupied the top positions in the WHR 2018. Thus, there are some other factors\nother than financial prosperity that lead to the happiness of the Nordic\ncountries<\/strong> such as Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. These\ncountries have consistently topped the World Happiness Report. For India to go\nthe Nordic way, it has to adopt some features of the happy Nordic countries.\nThe economic growth and modernisation of India should not be at the expense of\nits people\u2019s quality of life or moral values. The Easterlin paradox<\/strong>\nstates that a point in time happiness varies directly with income but over a\npoint of time happiness does not trend upward as income continues to grow. The\ntransformation of India into a superpower will need the incorporation of its\nversion of GNH indicators that imbibes the diversity and unique character of\nits people. It will be effective to devise policies which balance the physical\nand spiritual wellbeing of the people. Such happiness of people will remove the\nprobability of anxiety, lack of inner peacefulness, race to richness and\nunhappiness. A key contribution to GNH is Environment Conservation as<\/strong>\nmentioned in its four pillars. Despite contributing natural resources, the\nenvironment can also heal people who enjoy untainted breeze and tranquillity of\nnature. Formulation of revolutionary policy measures for the conservation of\nthe environment is crucial. <\/p>\n\n\n\n


\nThe\nGovernment of India can establish a goal to create collective happiness.\nHappiness should be a yardstick in developmental programmes and project.\nCountries such as Venezuela, UAE, Bhutan have established a Ministry of\nHappiness<\/strong>. India can also follow their footsteps and establish a Ministry\nof Happiness, the first of its kind in Indian history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We can frame policies by taking feedback of local\ncitizens. There can be a check on the implementation of those policies in the\nright way from the grassroots level. India can combine GDP with GNH to measure\nthe holistic development of the country. The revolutionary concept of GNH has\nalready set a standard for the policymakers to adopt it. Inner happiness is the\nfoundation for nations to make policies and prosper in future.  <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

If GDP is the factor that led to national happiness, then prosperous economies of China, USA and India would have occupied the top positions in the WHR 2018. Thus, there are some other factors other than financial prosperity that lead to the happiness of the Nordic countries such as Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":54158,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6,3,26],"tags":[190,155,191,153],"class_list":["post-60286","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-healthcare","category-indian-economy","category-socio-cultural","tag-gross-national-happiness","tag-happiness-economics","tag-happiness-in-india","tag-world-happiness-index"],"yoast_head":"\nCan the rich idea of a poor country pave way for development? - The Public Economist<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/thepubliceconomist.com\/?p=60286\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Can the rich idea of a poor country pave way for development? - The Public Economist\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"If GDP is the factor that led to national happiness, then prosperous economies of China, USA and India would have occupied the top positions in the WHR 2018. 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