{"id":140441,"date":"2021-05-22T15:42:26","date_gmt":"2021-05-22T10:12:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thepubliceconomist.com\/?p=140441"},"modified":"2021-05-22T15:42:28","modified_gmt":"2021-05-22T10:12:28","slug":"status-consumption-parting-from-rationality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thepubliceconomist.com\/?p=140441","title":{"rendered":"Status Consumption \u2013 Parting from Rationality"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Why do people consume goods? Fifty years back, a simple answer would be to satisfy<br>necessities. People would mainly spend money on food, shelter, and clothing. Only the people<br>at the top of the pyramid would think of extravagant expenditures. However, with the advent<br>of globalization, consumer behavior has undergone a drastic change. In today&#8217;s globalized<br>world, consumption is no more just about satisfying one\u2019s necesseties. It has become more<br>about depicting one&#8217;s socio-economic status.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This kind of behavior is known as status consumption. Such a trait is highly subjective, which<br>leads to irrational behavior on the part of consumers. The consumer no more works on the basic<br>economic assumption of rationality. Under the influence of psychological and social factors,<br>the consumer desires to conform to societal norms. The consumer does not only consume the<br>good for its intrinsic value but also to climb up the virtual social ladder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With the advent of globalization, the idea of &#8216;global economics&#8217; becomes more prevalent. When<br>the flow of ideas, goods, capital, and people has become so dynamic, human behavior cannot<br>remain insensitive. Unlike in the past, consumers are now a part of the global market. We<br>should note that globalization has all political, cultural, and economic influences. When the<br>social values change, it inadvertently leads to economic changes. In this case, the close-knit<br>markets from across the borders have led to a drastic change in consumption patterns.<br>Calvin Klein apparel, Johnny Walker whisky are examples of status consumption. They have<br>a high perceived value, and thus, consumers consume them to boost one&#8217;s social standings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong>Marketing<br><\/strong>Status consumption involves expensive and luxurious goods. The liberal market actions<br>facilitate this consumer behavior. In the present times, consumers are driven to buy<br>commodities or services which would boost their status. Therefore, marketers often have come<br>up with the luxurious and exclusive segment of products. This segment aims at the individuals<br>belonging to the high fiber groups and the ones who are prey to this tactic of marketing. The<br>psychological value of such goods to the consumer is much more than their intrinsic value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Interestingly, the consumption of such goods is relative. Consider GAP apparels. It is<br>affordable to almost anyone in countries like America. However, in India, someone wearing<br>GAP is perceived to be luxurious by the middle-class population. This perception leads to a<br>vicious cycle. Here is how: now GAP gets an automated fan base in India. People will not buy<br>from it because of its quality or design but because of the perceived value. Now, when the<br>upper strata in India wear GAP, it will appeal to the lower ones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Consequently, GAP, a mass-market good in America, would come across as a luxury brand in<br>India because of the trickle-down effect. Thus, a brand affordable to many Americans becomes<br>a status symbol in India. This inference is an example of how the US possesses cultural<br>hegemony over the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Luxurious commodities tend to fulfill all three fundamentals of materialism \u2013 contentment,<br>centrality, and triumph. Moreover, materialism mainly comes to us in the form of the<br>possession of material goods. Status goods fulfill this need and sense of self-esteem.<br>Companies induce the belief in the lower strata of the society that they can match the more<br>affluent class&#8217;s consumption patterns. This is the reason why the capitalist world leverages<br>countries to open up economies. It is this income differential that works in their interest.<br>Economic, educational, political, and social backgrounds influence an individual&#8217;s choice.<br>Economically, academically and socially well-off sections tend to engage in status<br>consumption more. Thus, these become the main target groups for the companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Case of Apple<\/strong><br>Apple products, over the years, have undoubtedly garnered a fan base. The fad seems to have<br>picked up all the more pace in the last decade. Technological advancements, over the years,<br>have undoubtedly led to an increased dependence on technology. Apple had successfully<br>targeted this market by offering various gadgets like phones, tablets, smartwatches, laptops,<br>iPods, and offering swift operating systems like the ios when such technology was alien to<br>many other companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>People over the years, across the globe, have developed a liking for its products. Consequently,<br>Apple products have become a status symbol, and thus, we refer to it as status consumption.<br>Before delving straight away into the analysis, here is an interesting observation. Like every<br>other company in the market, even the luxurious ones aim to maximize their profits, generally.<br>However, luxury commodity brands seem to have a more formidable task at hand. They need<br>to ensure that they do not capture a large chunk of the market, a chunk large enough for them<br>not to remain luxurious anymore. Thus, brands like Apple and GAP, at least in the Indian<br>market, need to maintain a knife-edge balance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The graph below represents the revenue of the company over the past decade in India. To<br>understand the increase in the sale (and hence demand) of the company&#8217;s products, we use<br>revenue as a proxy variable. Thus, we infer that the demand for Apple products in India has<br>been increasing one and all. The growth rate has dwindled in some years and has been<br>exponential in many others. However, it is safe to say that Apple has successfully remained a<br>status symbol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"798\" height=\"474\" src=\"https:\/\/thepubliceconomist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-140442\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thepubliceconomist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/image-2.png 798w, https:\/\/thepubliceconomist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/image-2-300x178.png 300w, https:\/\/thepubliceconomist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/image-2-768x456.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 798px) 100vw, 798px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This trend opens gates for yet another thought. Let us look at the mobile phone market in India.<br>Today, many other brands offer high-end services at much lesser prices than Apple. However,<br>Apple still is a status symbol, unlike others. Why?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One way to approach the answer can be through understanding the marketing strategies<br>undertaken by the company. In all the market segments, Apple products are placed at much<br>higher prices than others. Furthermore, they do not seem to make their prices competitive ever.<br>The company boasts of its USP and, rather than making it a commodity for everyone, wants to<br>make it exclusive to some. As of Jan 2021, the 512GB version of I-Phone 12 Pro Max costs<br>over 1.5lakh INR, which is the most expensive iPhone in the Indian market at present. Apple<br>delivers high-quality, innovative products and does not enter the price war. Thus, the focus has<br>always been on the USP and not the price.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Secondly, over the years, Apple has significantly worked at product placement and social<br>media buzz. When we see all the technology enthusiasts, celebrities, and social media<br>influencers flaunting an iPhone, it is unlikely for others to be tantalized by it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apple has come across as a force to be reckoned with. It aims to understand the needs of its<br>consumers. Apple products are designed to be creative and user-friendly and always speak to<br>the consumers in a language they can easily understand. For people, Apple is no longer a<br>product but an experience. It connects to its audience at an emotional level and places its values<br>at the top. The emotional connection with the brand is what drives the consumers to buy Apple<br>and nothing else.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Next up, Apple has always stood by its values. It shares what it believes in, what it wants for<br>its customers and how to deliver it to the world. The guiding principle is what makes it<br>attractive for all the stakeholders. The powerful narrative of the brand sets it apart from others.<br>It leverages its community with utmost sincerity and thus, has successfully garnered itself loyal<br>customers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thus, we may infer that Apple&#8217;s marketing strategies have yielded magical results for the<br>company. Before putting forth such a strong argument, let us try to have some data to pack it<br>up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Take the case of Google. A multi-national technology company, which revolutionized the<br>entire technology, software, and internet services industries. The company owns multiple<br>subsidiaries, including YouTube, Google.org, Fitbit, among many others. From employee<br>satisfaction to customer contentment, everything about Google is top-notch. However, the<br>company entered the mobile phone market back in 2016. Although Google Pixel performed<br>well in the target market, primarily Google enthusiasts and IT professionals, it could not grab<br>the attention of the masses as Apple does. Asus is one of the pioneers in computers and phone<br>hardware. The multi-national company has set a firm foot in the gaming laptops industry. On<br>comparing Asus gaming laptops to Apple Mac, we see that both the companies offer the same<br>price range and similar performances. Furthermore, when we look at the global market, both<br>have a set of loyal customers. However, because the respective customer segments tend to<br>differ, people perceive Apple as a luxury, yet again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apple has been successful in building a community of users over the years. They do not just<br>use the brand but rather identify themselves with it. This Apple has stuck to its promise of their<br>niche, their quality, their value for money. We would agree that Apple has built an identity for<br>itself. As economies expand, income grows, living standards rise, and people want to buy an<br>iPhone. Because, unlike other smartphones, it is not a necessity. I-phones are a luxury, which<br>no other brand offers around the globe. This has kept the company going not only over a<br>temporal space but also across countries. Apple brings with it an international tint that extends<br>beyond the territorial boundaries of nations.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The consumer no more works on the basic<br \/>\neconomic assumption of rationality. Under the influence of psychological and social factors,<br \/>\nthe consumer desires to conform to societal norms. The consumer does not only consume the<br \/>\ngood for its intrinsic value but also to climb up the virtual social ladder.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":140443,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[118,405],"class_list":["post-140441","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-consumer-behaviour","tag-status-consumption"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Status Consumption \u2013 Parting from Rationality - The Public Economist<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/thepubliceconomist.com\/?p=140441\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Status Consumption \u2013 Parting from Rationality - The Public Economist\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The consumer no more works on the basic economic assumption of rationality. 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